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Clinical applications of neurolinguistics in neurosurgery

Peng Wang, Zehao Zhao, Linghao Bu, Nijiati Kudulaiti, Qiao Shan, Yuyao Zhou, N. U. Farrukh Hameed, Yangming Zhu, Lei Jin, Jie Zhang, Junfeng Lu, Jinsong Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 562-574 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0771-z

摘要： The protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the last 25 years, novel language mapping methods have been applied in the neurosurgical practice to help neurosurgeons protect the brain and reduce morbidity. The rapid advancements in brain–computer interface have provided the perfect platform for the combination of neurosurgery and neurolinguistics. In this review, the history of neurolinguistics models, advancements in modern technology, role of neurosurgery in language mapping, and modern language mapping methods (including noninvasive neuroimaging techniques and invasive cortical electroencephalogram) are presented.

关键词： neurolinguistics language mapping dual pathway model neurosurgery

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Chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fengjuan LIU,Zhihui SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 168-173 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0323-9

摘要： In the present study, chemical mapping on the hydration process of cement paste with water-to-cement ( / ) ratio of 0.60 was implemented by Raman spectroscopy (RS). The RS was applied to study the paste from 12 hours after mixing to 28 days. Cement ingredients and hydration products, including calcium silicates (C S and C S), calcium hydroxide (CH), and ettringite, were quantitatively studied. From the research, it is observed that calcium silicates were consumed gradually with the increased hydration age. Calcium hydroxide increased and tended to cluster in the pore vicinity during hydration. Ettringite was found to form on the surface of the unreacted particles, which was shown as a mixed zone of ettringite and calcium silicates in the maps. It is concluded from the study that chemical mapping was an effective method to assist in visualizing particle dispersion and connection on top of the quantitative analysis.

关键词： chemical mapping Raman spectroscopy calcium silicates calcium hydroxide ettringite

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Independent continuous and mapping method of structural topology optimization based on the global stress

Yunkang SUI, Jili FENG, Hongling YE, Xirong PENG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 130-142 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0011-3

摘要： There are three difficulties in topology optimization of continuum structures. 1) The topology under multiple load case is more difficult to be optimized than under single load case, because the former becomes a multiple objective based on compliance objective functions. 2) With local constraints, such as an elemental stress limit, the topology is more difficult to be solved than with global constraints, such as the displacement or frequency limits, because the sensitivity analysis of the former has very expensive computation. 3) With the phenomenon of load illness, which is similar with stiffness illness in the structural analysis, it is not easy to get the reasonable final topological structure, because it is difficult to consider different influences between the loads with small forces and big forces, and some topology paths of transferring small forces may disappear during the iteration process. To overcome difficulties above, four measures are adopted. 1) Topology optimization model is established by independent continuous mapping (ICM) method. 2) Based on the von Mises strength theory, all elements’ stress constraints are transformed into a structural energy constraint. 3) The phenomenon of load illness is divided to classify into three cases. 4) A strategy based on strain energy is proposed to adopt ICM method with stress globalization, and the problems of the above mentioned three cases of load illness are solved in terms of different complementary approaches. Several numerical examples show that the topology path of transferring forces can be obtained more easily by substituting global strain energy constraints for local stresses constraints, and the problem of load illness can be solved well by the weighting method that takes the structural energy as a weighting coefficient.

关键词： independent continuous mapping (ICM) method global stresses constraints topology optimization continuum structure load illness

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A survey of photon mapping state-of-the-art research and future challenges

Chun-meng KANG,Lu WAN,Yan-ning XU,Xiang-xu MENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第3期页码 185-199 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500251

摘要： Global illumination is the core part of photo-realistic rendering. The photon mapping algorithm is an effective method for computing global illumination with its obvious advantage of caustic and color bleeding rendering. It is an active research field that has been developed over the past two decades. The deficiency of precise details and efficient rendering are still the main challenges of photon mapping. This report reviews recent work and classifies it into a set of categories including radiance estimation, photon relaxation, photon tracing, progressive photon mapping, and parallel methods. The goals of our report are giving readers an overall introduction to photon mapping and motivating further research to address the limitations of existing methods.

关键词： Global illumination Photon mapping Radiance estimation Photon relaxation Progressive photon mapping

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and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: A knowledge mapping

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1507-2

摘要：

• The overall global perspective of the PHMCS field was obtained.

关键词： Heavy metal-contaminated soil Hot topics Knowledge mapping analysis Knowledge base Phytoremediation

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预训练语言模型及其应用 Review

王海峰, 李纪为, Hua Wu, Eduard Hovy, Yu Sun

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 51-65 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.024

摘要：

预训练语言模型（pre-trained languages model, PTLM）在自然语言处理（natural language processing, NLP）领域取得了令人瞩目的成功，并由此引发了下游任务从监督学习到预训练

关键词：预训练模型自然语言处理

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基于模糊状态描述的不确定因果归纳自动推理机制

杨炳儒,唐菁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第5期页码 44-50

摘要：

文中提出基于模糊语言场和模糊语言结构的知识表示新型框架，并提出能够综合处理模糊不确定性与随机不确定性的广义细胞自动机和广义归纳逻辑因果模型。在此基础上，又提出基于模糊状态描述的新型不确定因果归纳自动推理机制，并讨论其在智能控制器研制中的应用。

关键词：语言场语言值结构广义细胞自动机广义归纳逻辑因果模型自动推理智能控制器

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Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns

Hiruy ABDU, David A. ROBINSON, Janis BOETTINGER, Scott B. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 135-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017143

摘要： Knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil textural properties is important for determining soil moisture storage and soil hydraulic transport properties. Capturing field heterogeneity without exhaustive sampling and costly sample analysis is difficult. Our objective was to employ electromagnetic induction (EMI) mapping in low apparent electrical conductivity (EC ) soils at varying soil water contents to capture time invariant properties such as soil texture. Georeferenced EC measurements were taken using a ground conductivity meter on six different days where volumetric water content ( ) varied from 0.11 to 0.23. The 50 m × 50 m field included a subsurface gravelly patch in an otherwise homogeneous silt-loam alluvial soil. Ordinary block kriging predicted EC at unsampled areas to produce 1-m resolution maps. Temporal stability analysis was used to divide the field into three distinct EC regions. Subsequent ground-truthing confirmed the lowest conductivity region correlated with coarse textured soil parent materials associated with a former high-energy alluvial depositional area. Combining maps using temporal stability analysis gives the clearest image of the textural difference. These maps could be informative for modeling, experimental design, sensor placement and targeted zone management strategies in soil science, ecology, hydrology, and agricultural applications.

关键词： soil electrical conductivity soil texture mapping temporal stability analysis

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Quantifying and mapping spatial variability of Shanghai household carbon footprints

Shangguang YANG,Chunlan WANG,Kevin LO,Mark WANG,Lin LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 115-124 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0348-8

摘要： Understanding the spatial variability of household carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world’s largest greenhouse gases emitter. This study quantifies and maps household carbon emissions in Shanghai using a city-wide household survey. The findings reveal substantial spatial variability in household carbon emissions, especially in transport-related emissions. Low emission clusters are founded in Hongkou, Xuhui, Luwan, Jinshan, and Fengxian. High emission clusters are located in Jiading and Pudong. Overall, the spatial pattern of household carbon emissions in Shanghai is donut-shaped: lowest in the urban core, increasing in the surrounding suburban areas, and declining again in the urban fringe and rural regions. The household emissions are correlated with a number of housing and socioeconomic factors, including car ownership, type of dwelling, size of dwelling, age of dwelling, and income. The findings underscore the importance of a localized approach to low-carbon policy-making and implementation.

关键词： household carbon emissions spatial variability energy policy Shanghai China

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Mapping the structure-activity relationship of

Worawan PANPIPAT, Hasene KESKIN, Zheng GUO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 105-113 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1502-x

摘要： The phase behavior of twelve synthesized -sitosteryl fatty acid esters with acyl moieties with different chain lengths (C2:0-C18:0) and different degrees of unsaturation (C18:1-C18:3) were investigated in pure and mixed Langmuir monolayers with phospholipids. The surface-pressure isotherms showed that short chain -sitosteryl fatty acid esters gave smaller mean molecular areas and had decreased monolayer stability and the long chain steryl esters did not produce collapsed plateaus. All the steryl esters displayed strong condensing effects, but there was a pronounced structural dependency: medium chain esters (C8 and C10) were less efficient than short and long chain esters. Atomic force microscopy imaging demonstrated that monolayers mixed with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) displayed both DPPC-rich and steryl lipid-rich domains. However, the height and area differences between the two phases and the roughness and morphologic patterns were very dependent on the steryl lipid concentrations as well as the length, the degree of unsaturation and the molecular conformations of the acyl segments. These findings not only provide a better understanding of the interactions between phytosteryl hydrophobic derivatives and biomembranes, but also may be of general use for the design and engineering of phytosterol structural derivations for specific food and pharmaceutical applications.

关键词： β-sitosteryl fatty acid esters dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine Langmuir monolayer condensing effect structure-activity relationship

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Mapping the trends and prospects of battery cathode materials based on patent landscape

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 822-832 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0900-x

摘要： Advancing portable electronics and electric vehicles is heavily dependent on the cutting-edge lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology, which is closely linked to the properties of cathode materials. Identifying trends and prospects of cathode materials based on patent analysis is considered a kernel to optimize and refine battery related markets. In this paper, a patent analysis is performed on 6 popular cathode materials by comprehensively considering performance comparison, development trend, annual installed capacity, technology life cycle, and distribution among regions and patent assignees. In the technology life cycle, the cathode materials majorly used in electric vehicle have entered maturity stage, while the lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode that is widely used in portable electronics is still in the growth stage. In global patent distributions, China holds more than 50% of total patents. In the top 10 patent assignees of 6 cathode materials, 2 institutes are from China with the rest being Japan (6) and Republic of Korea (2), indicating that the technology of cathode materials in China is relatively scattered while cathode research is highly concentrated in Japan and Republic of Korea. Moreover, the patent distribution has to consider practical issues as well as the impacts of core patents. For example, the high cost discourages the intention of applying international patents. This paper is expected to stimulate battery research, understand technical layout of various countries, and probably forecast innovative technology breakthroughs.

关键词： patent analysis cathode batteries technology life cycle

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Named entity recognition for Chinese construction documents based on conditional random field

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 237-249 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0179-8

摘要： Named entity recognition (NER) is essential in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as information extraction and document classification. A construction document usually contains critical named entities, and an effective NER method can provide a solid foundation for downstream applications to improve construction management efficiency. This study presents a NER method for Chinese construction documents based on conditional random field (CRF), including a corpus design pipeline and a CRF model. The corpus design pipeline identifies typical NER tasks in construction management, enables word-based tokenization, and controls the annotation consistency with a newly designed annotating specification. The CRF model engineers nine transformation features and seven classes of state features, covering the impacts of word position, part-of-speech (POS), and word/character states within the context. The F1-measure on a labeled construction data set is 87.9%. Furthermore, as more domain knowledge features are infused, the marginal performance improvement of including POS information will decrease, leading to a promising research direction of POS customization to improve NLP performance with limited data.

关键词： NER NLP Chinese language construction document

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一种集成的统一建模语言框架

Mohammad ALSHAYEB,Nasser KHASHAN,Sajjad MAHMOOD

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第2期页码 143-159 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500094

摘要：

The unified modeling language (UML) is one of the most commonly used modeling languages in the software industry.It simplifies the complex process of design by providing a set of graphical notations, which helps express the objectoriented analysis and design of software projects. Although UML is applicable to different types of systems, domains, methods,and processes, it cannot express certain problem domain needs. Therefore, many extensions to UML have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a framework for integrating the UML extensions and then use the framework to propose an integrated unified modeling language-graphical (iUML-g) form. iUML-g integrates the existing UML extensions into one integrated form. This includes an integrated diagram for UML class, sequence, and use case diagrams. The proposed approach is evaluated using a case study. The proposed iUML-g is capable of modeling systems that use different domains.

关键词： Unified modeling language (UML) Integration Modeling System analysis and design

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人类遗传病的家系收集疾病基因定位克隆与疾病基因功能的研究

夏家辉

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第11期页码 1-11

摘要：

介绍了中国医学遗传学国家重点实验室在遗传病家系收集、疾病基因定位、疾病基因克隆和疾病基因功能研究方面的研究工作。用细胞遗传学G显带技术于1975年发现了一条与鼻咽癌相关的标记染色体t（1；3）（q44；p11）；1981年将睾丸决定基因（TDF）定位于Yp11.32带；1991年以来收集遗传病家系345种共590个；1996年用显微切割、PCR、微克隆技术克隆了EXT2基因；1998年用基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆方法克隆了遗传性神经性耳聋基因GJB3；1999年用连锁分析和全基因组扫描将一种遗传性弥漫性浅表性光敏性汗孔角化症定位于12q23.2带，并在基因功能研究中发现了一个新的细胞内转运蛋白。

关键词：遗传病家系基因定位和克隆基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆基因组扫描基因功能研究

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基于共点映射的无人车可行驶区域检测方法 Article

刘子熠,余思雨,郑南宁

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 479-490 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.010

摘要：

城市交通场景的随机性和复杂性使得无人车的可行驶区域检测成为难题。受人类驾驶行为的启发，本文提出了一种无人车的可行驶区域检测的新方法，该方法利用了单目相机得到的像素信息和激光传感器得到的空间点云信息的融合，与共线中的双射类似，该方法引入了“共点映射”的新概念，其定义为：将来自激光雷达的点映射到图像分割边缘上的点的双射。该方法通过将障碍物与超像素融合得到初始可行驶区域，并基于该初始可行驶区域，利用自学习模型定位候选可行驶区域。此外，为了提升算法的鲁棒性，本文融合了四种特征，特别提出了一种称为可行驶程度（drivable degree, DD）的特征，该特征定义了激光点的可行驶程度。经过自学习四种特征得到初始可行驶区域之后，利用贝叶斯框架建立可行驶区域的最终概率图模型。本文的方法没有引入强假设条件，也不需要训练过程，但在ROAD-KITTI benchmark 测试中获得了最佳的性能。实验结果表明，该方法是一种泛化性强且有效的可行驶区域的检测方法。

关键词：可行驶区域自动驾驶数据融合共点映射

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Clinical applications of neurolinguistics in neurosurgery

Peng Wang, Zehao Zhao, Linghao Bu, Nijiati Kudulaiti, Qiao Shan, Yuyao Zhou, N. U. Farrukh Hameed, Yangming Zhu, Lei Jin, Jie Zhang, Junfeng Lu, Jinsong Wu

期刊论文

Chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fengjuan LIU,Zhihui SUN

期刊论文

Independent continuous and mapping method of structural topology optimization based on the global stress

Yunkang SUI, Jili FENG, Hongling YE, Xirong PENG,

期刊论文

A survey of photon mapping state-of-the-art research and future challenges

Chun-meng KANG,Lu WAN,Yan-ning XU,Xiang-xu MENG

期刊论文

and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: A knowledge mapping

期刊论文